Has the International Criminal Court (ICC) appropriately applied statistical methodology in its legal processes regarding the crimes against humanity charges against Duterte?This question arises from a recent Philippine Daily Inquirer (PDI) post, which discusses the ICC's categorization of 43 cases as "representative examples" amidst a broader investigation into 12,000 to 30,000 deaths (Baclig, 2025). This terminology has sparked significant debate. Critics, including Sass Rogando Sasot, a noted Duterte supporter and scholar with graduate studies from abroad, argue that "representative sample" suggests a statistical method and contend that its use by the ICC raises questions about the credibility of their conclusions, criticizing the PDI for statistical inaccuracies and asserting that the PDI is "bad in math." (Sasot, 2025) What does "representative Sample" mean? In statistics, a representative sample accurately mirrors the characteristics of the entire population, allowing … [Read more...]
Art, Myth, and Labubu: Is It Demonic? A Reformed Christian Reflection
I recently came across a video by a pastor on Facebook in which he claims that Labubu is demonic. In his vlog, he presents several arguments and even references Scripture to support his position. You can view the two part video in the links at the end of this article. His argument that Labubu, a whimsical collectible art toy, is "demonic" rests on flawed reasoning and reflects a misunderstanding of art, mythology, and creativity. Labubu is, first and foremost, a work of art, created as a fictional character by an artist. While it is true that the creator of Labubu was inspired by Norse mythology, this does not automatically make the toy evil or spiritually harmful. Inspiration does not equate to intent or inherent moral value. To conclude that Labubu is demonic solely because of its resemblance to mythological elements is to commit a logical fallacy, specifically the Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc fallacy. This fallacy occurs when someone assumes that because two … [Read more...]
Faith, Works, and Salvation: A short Comparative Analysis of Calvin & Arminius’ soteriological perspectives
Question: Explain the relationship between Faith and Works in justification and salvation. Compare the positions of two different theologians: John Calvin and Jacobus Arminius. There is arguably no better demonstration of the relationship between faith and works in justification and salvation than through the soteriological perspectives of John Calvin and Jacobus Arminius. John Calvin, a pivotal leader of the Reformation, and Jacobus Arminius, who studied under Calvin’s successor, Theodore Beza, represent two distinct views within Christian theology. Calvin’s soteriological doctrines, alongside those of similar Reformation thinkers, refined what is now known as "Reformed Soteriology," or more commonly, "Calvinism." In contrast, Arminius’s teachings are encapsulated within "Arminianism." As a side note, the standard of Calvinist doctrine is established by the Canons of the Synod of Dort (1618 to 1619) and various Confessions of Faith that clearly articulate … [Read more...]
Debunking KJV Onlyism: Pointing out errors in the “Providential Preservation of the text of the New Testament” chart
Have you seen the chart below? It has been circulating on the internet and across social media for some time now. Many of you may have noticed that a lot of my posts tackle issues related to King James Version (KJV) Onlyism. This issue is particularly close to my heart, as I grew up in a denomination that staunchly advocated this viewpoint. I spent decades in an Independent Fundamental Baptist (IFB) church, a sub-denomination I was deeply ingrained in from a young age. I was once a fervent supporter of KJV Onlyism myself. However, I broke away from what I now see as a mix of half-truths, misconceptions, and outright falsehoods perpetuated by my former denomination. That is why when I pursued graduate studies in theology, a significant portion of my research has been devoted to addressing the errors of the very doctrines that I once fiercely defended—doctrines that my former church still clings to so please bear with me and forgive my zeal and the strong language I sometimes use when … [Read more...]
In Defense of Cognitivism
Since time immemorial, studies on any field relating to cognition, the view of the human mind, is that it is both a storehouse and a processing center of whatever we experience with our senses. Nobody can know what anybody is thinking or what goes on inside somebody’s head, however a person’s thought processes are reflected on their actions. However, “mental abilities” and “mental processes” have always been viewed as “all in the head.” This paradigm of the human mind has persisted even though the metaphor used to describe the human mind has changed throughout the years, from a bucket to contain information, a filing cabinet, and in recent decades a computer. This paradigm is what is known as cognitivism, and it has been the foundational paradigm upon which any studies relating to human cognition stands on. A recent increasingly influential school of thought is countering this paradigm. According to this view, the mind is embodied, extended, and distributed and that mental … [Read more...]
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